In global shipping, choosing the right transportation mode is a crucial decision that impacts customer satisfaction, company profitability and the environment. Here’s information to help you understand the available options, with examples to illustrate when certain modes make more sense.
Global Transportation Modes
You’ve got 4 options for shipping globally. Well, 5 if you include combining multiple modes to complete the journey. Let’s look at each.
Air freight
Did you know that, according to IATA, air freight makes up just 1% of the total volume of global trade but 35% of the value of goods shipped. Air freight is the fastest mode and is used by industries whose products are high value (electronics components, aerospace parts, pharmaceuticals), high demand (fashion products nearing the peak selling season) or perishable (seasonal flowers, fresh food).
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Ocean freight
90% of global trade moves on ocean vessels. Our global economy is heavily dependent on reliable maritime shipping.
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Rail
Rail transport is normally associated with domestic freight, but it can be an economical choice for cross-border moves. For example, Dimerco’s cross-border rail solution from China to Europe ships 20 days faster than ocean freight and as much as 30% cheaper than air freight.
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Truck
Trucking services can be a very economical option for cross-border shipments within a region, such as between the US and Canada and Mexico and between China and Southeast Asia.
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Multi-modal
Multi-modal shipments involve 2 or more types of transportation modes. A multi-modal strategy can help deal with a variety of freight disruptions. Here are 2 examples:
- There is very limited direct air service from China to Mexico, so Dimerco offers a China to Mexico shipping solution via the US that ships products via air freight from China to LA or Dallas and then trucks products, in bond, to the final Mexico customer.
- As ocean freight rates rise, container shipping from Thailand to Batam, Indonesia have become expensive for the slower, 2-week transit time. For one customer, Dimerco now moves goods via truck to Singapore, completing the journey with a short ocean voyage – cutting transit time by 7 days.
Key Criteria: Which Mode to Choose
When determining the best transportation mode, here are the key criteria you should examine.
Product
Your product characteristics (size, shelf life, hazmat) may limit your options. For instance, flammables, aerosol cans and many other products cannot ship via air.
Urgency
You’ll save money if a longer transit time is acceptable. But sometimes it’s not. For instance, components en route to an Apple factory in advance of a new iPhone launch aren’t traveling by sea freight.
Origin and Destination
Where are you shipping from? Do you have easy access to maritime ports or international airports? Your destination may also impact mode choice. When a Fortune 100 technology company’s air shipments into Shanghai were cancelled due to COVID restrictions, Dimerco routed freight to Hong Kong International Airport and coordinated last-mile distribution via truck from Hong Kong direct to factories in China.
Cost
Faster is always better when it comes to shipping. But staying within your transportation budget is critical to maintaining profitability. It helps to understand how shipping costs are calculated for air and ocean freight since the formulas differ drastically. Many electronics components ship between China and Southeast Asia via air freight. But shipping via truck can sharply reduce those costs. Dimerco’s cross-border road freight solution moves freight between Shanghai and Singapore (and all points in between) in 8 days or less (without COVID-related border delays) at a 56% savings over air freight.
Capacity
Sometimes there is insufficient freight capacity on your preferred mode and you will need to be flexible. For instance, an electronics company was shipping air freight from Batam, Indonesia to LA via Singapore. But air freight capacity is limited out of Batam, so the company now ships via ocean to Singapore and onto LA via air.
Sustainability
The accompanying diagram shows the relative contribution of different freight modes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). This is becoming a priority for large multinationals, who have made public commitments to reduce their carbon footprints by specific dates. Your future mode choices may lead you, more and more, toward greener freight options.
Primer on Transportation Mode Choice
We hope this brief primer on transportation mode choice was helpful. Although there are only 4 options to choose from, decisions can be complicated and costly without proper analysis. As a leading freight forwarder and 3PL that connects Asia with the world, Dimerco is happy to help. Contact us to schedule a discovery call.